The syllabus contains Two Sections - A and B
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized lights and Polaroids.
Section A
Unit 1:
PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT
Physics, technology and society, S I units, Fundamental and
derived units. Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring
instruments, Errors in measurement, Dimensions of Physical quantities,
dimensional analysis and its applications.
Unit 2:
KINEMATICS
Frame of reference. Motion in a straight line: Position-time
graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average
speed and instantaneous velocity Uniformly accelerated motion,
velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated
motion. Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and Subtraction, Zero
Vector, Scalar and Vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector.
Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform
Circular Motion.
Unit 3:
LAWS OF MOTION
Force and Inertia, Newton’s First Law of motion; Momentum,
Newton’s Second Law of motion; Impulse; Newton’s Third Law of motion.
Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, Equilibrium
of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction,
rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force
and its applications.
Unit 4:
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic
and potential energies, work energy theorem, power. Potential energy of a
spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and
non-conservative forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two
dimensions.
Unit 5:
ROTATIONAL MOTION
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, Centre of mass of a
rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force,
torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its
applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of moments
of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular
axes theorems and their applications. Rigid body rotation, equations of
rotational motion.
Unit 6:
Gravitation
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to
gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s laws of
planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational
potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite.
Geo-stationary satellites.
Unit 7:
Properties Of Solids And Liquids
Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s Law,
Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a
fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications. Viscosity, Stokes’ law,
terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number.
Bernoulli’s principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface
tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension - drops,
bubbles and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion;
specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat
transfer - conduction, convection and radiation, Newton’s law of
cooling.
Unit 8:
Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept
of temperature. Heat, work and internal energy. First law of
thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and
irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.
Unit 9:
Kinetic Theory Of Gases
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing
a gas. Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure.
Kinetic energy and temperature: rms speed of gas molecules; Degrees of
freedom, Law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat
capacities of gases; Mean free path, Avogadro’s number.
Unit 10:
Oscillations And Waves
Periodic motion - period, frequency, displacement as a
function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.)
and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring –restoring force and
force constant; energy in S.H.M. - kinetic and potential energies;
Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period; Free,
forced and damped oscillations, resonance. Wave motion. Longitudinal and
transverse waves, speed of a wave. Displacement relation for a
progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of
waves, Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and
harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect in sound.
Unit 11:
Electrostatics
Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s
law-forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges;
superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric
field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines,
Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a
uniform electric field. Electric flux, Gauss’s law and its applications
to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire,
uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin
spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point
charge, electric dipole and system of charges; Equipotential surfaces,
Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an
electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric
polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in
parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without
dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor.
Unit 12:
Currrent Electricity
Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm’s law, Electrical
resistance, Resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of
Ohmic and nonohmic conductors, Electrical energy and power, Electrical
resistivity, Colour code for resistors; Series and parallel combinations
of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance. Electric Cell and
its Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell,
combination of cells in series and in parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and
their applications. Wheatstone bridge, Metre bridge. Potentiometer -
principle and its applications.
Unit 13:
Magnetic Effects Of Current And Magnetism
Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying
circular loop. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long
current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in
uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current
carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two
parallel current carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque
experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Moving coil
galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and
voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole
moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines;
Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro-
magnetic substances. Magnetic susceptibility and permeability,
Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent magnets.
Unit 14:
Electromagnetic Induction And Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and
current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance.
Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/
voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; Quality
factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and
transformer.
Unit 15:
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse
nature of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves,
microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, Xrays, gamma rays).
Applications of e.m. waves. Reflection and refraction of light at plane
and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, Total internal reflection and
its applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens
Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in
contact, Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and
refracting) and their magnifying powers. Wave optics: wavefront and
Huygens’ principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’
principle. Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression
for fringe width. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central
maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes,
Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane
polarized light and Polaroids.
Unit 16:
Optics
Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical
surfaces, mirror formula, Total internal reflection and its
applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens
Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in
contact, Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and
refracting) and their magnifving powers.Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized lights and Polaroids.
Unit 17:
Dual Nature of Matter and radiation
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and
Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; particle
nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie
relation. DavissonGermer experiment.
Unit 18:
Atoms and Nuclei
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of
atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size
of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties;
radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding
energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission
and fusion.
Unit 19:
Electronic Devices
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in
forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of
LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage
regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a
transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration)
and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as a
switch.
Unit 20:
Communication Systems
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky
and space wave propagation, Need for modulation, Amplitude and Frequency
Modulation, Bandwidth of signals, Bandwidth of Transmission medium,
Basic Elements of a Communication System (Block Diagram only).Section B
Practical Component having 20% weightage:
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
Unit 21:
Experimental Skills
- Vernier callipers-its use to measure internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
- Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/diameter of thin sheet/wire.
- Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.
- Metre Scale - mass of a given object by principle of moments.
- Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
- Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents.
- Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
- Plotting a cooling curve for the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time.
- Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
-
Specific heat capacity of a given
- solid and;
- liquid by method of mixtures.
- Resistivity of the material of a given wire using metre bridge.
- Resistance of a given wire using Ohm’s law.
-
Potentiometer -
- Comparison of emf of two primary cells.
- Determination of internal resistance of a cell.
- Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
-
Focal length of:
- Convex mirror.
- Concave mirror, and
- Convex lens using parallax method.
- Plot of angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
- Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
- Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
- Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
- Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current gain and voltage gain.
- Identification of Diode, LED, Transistor, IC, Resistor, Capacitor from mixed collection of such items.
-
Using multimeter to:
- Identify base of a transistor.
- See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED.
- Check the correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor or IC).
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